Introduction Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult., commonly known as desert rose, is an accepted species of Apocynaceae. It is a semisucculent shrub native to western tropical Africa through the Arabian Peninsula to Tanzania, occurring primarily in desert and dry-shrubland…
Introduction Commiphora wightii, commonly known as guggul, is a resin-producing member of the Burseraceae (frankincense and myrrh family) native to arid regions extending from southern Pakistan and western India to Oman. The species is best known for producing guggul oleo-gum…
Introduction Beta vulgaris L. is a biennial herbaceous plant in the family Amaranthaceae, native to the coastal and maritime margins of western Europe, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, and Central Asia. It is one of the most economically and…
Introduction Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a perennial shrub in the family Solanaceae, widely distributed across the drier regions of the Indian subcontinent, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, and parts of East Africa. It belongs to one of the…